Central pivot irrigation is a type of sprinkler irrigation that uses pipe sections (usually galvanized steel or aluminum) mounted on wheeled towers, positioned with sprinklers along their length, and joined with clamps. The system moves in a circular fashion and is fed by water coming from the pivot point at the center of the circle. These systems are found and used all over the world and allow irrigation of all types of terrain. New systems have drip sprinklers as shown in the picture.
Since 2017, most central pivot systems have droppers that hang from a U‑shaped pipe attached to the top of the pipe, with sprinklers placed on no more than a few feet above the crop (at most), thereby limiting evaporation losses. Droppers can also be used with draw hoses or distributors that release water directly onto the ground between the products. Crops are usually added in a circular shape to conform to the central axis. Such a system is known as LEPA (Low Energy Precision Application). Initially, most central pivots were powered by water. They were replaced by hydraulic systems (T‑L Irrigation) and electric motor systems. Many modern pivots have GPS devices.
The pivot irrigation system is an effective irrigation method used for automatically watering agricultural fields or lawns. It is generally preferred for large agricultural lands and open areas. This system is based on a moving structure where water is sprayed onto plants through a pipe line at high pressure. Here are the main features and advantages of the pivot irrigation system:
Features of the Pivot Irrigation System:
Moving Head: The pivot irrigation system has a movable irrigation head. This head is mounted on a pipe line and rotates around the irrigation area.
Irrigation Arms: The irrigation arms attached beneath the moving head provide water spray. These arms are designed to irrigate the area regularly and evenly.
Motor and Drive System: The pivot system has a motor and drive system to power the moving head. This motor rotates the head at a set speed.
Water Source: The pivot irrigation system irrigates based on the water source. Typically water pumps or underground irrigation channels are used.
Control Unit: The system includes a control unit to manage irrigation schedules and the movement of the moving head. This unit is used to set irrigation duration, water volume, and timing.
Advantages of the Pivot Irrigation System:
Efficient Irrigation: The pivot irrigation system ensures even distribution of water to plants by irrigating the area regularly and evenly.
Automation: This system can operate automatically and carry out programmed irrigation operations. No human intervention is required.
Covers Large Areas: The pivot irrigation system is ideal for irrigating large agricultural fields and lawns. It can effectively cover large areas.
Water Conservation: It helps efficient use of water resources because it delivers water directly to plants and prevents water waste.
Low Energy Consumption: The amount of energy required to rotate the moving head is less than that of other irrigation methods.
Prevents Soil Erosion: Low-pressure water spray helps prevent soil erosion.
The pivot irrigation system is an effective irrigation method for large-scale agriculture and open-field irrigation. It ensures plants are irrigated regularly and evenly, helps conserve water and energy, and saves labor through its automation features.
